Georgia: The Birthplace of Wine and 8,000 Years of Tradition

Georgia is widely recognized as the birthplace of wine, with archaeological evidence dating back over 8,000 years. Scientists have discovered clay vessels containing grape residue — tartaric acid, malvidin, and other wine compounds — in the Kvemo Kartli region, south of Tbilisi, dating to around 6000 BCE. This makes Georgian winemaking the oldest continuously practiced winemaking tradition in the world.

The domestication of the wild Eurasian grape (Vitis vinifera) likely happened in the South Caucasus, including modern-day Georgia. So when we call Georgia the motherland of wine, it’s not just poetic — it’s backed by hard science and archaeological proof.

Ancient Tradition and the Qvevri Method

For millennia, Georgians have preserved their unique Qvevri winemaking method.

• The vessel: A Qvevri is a large, hand-crafted, egg-shaped clay jar. Sizes range from small family-use vessels to massive ones holding thousands of liters.
• The process: Grapes — skins, stems, seeds, and juice (chacha) — are placed inside, sealed, and buried underground. This naturally regulates temperature, allowing slow fermentation over several months.
• The taste: Qvevri wines have rich tannins, deep amber or ruby colors, and a complex, earthy aroma.

Qvevris are more than tools; they are cultural symbols. Each is made by skilled artisans, and many families pass their qvevris down through generations. The shape and clay composition are believed to help create wine that truly reflects the land.

Wine as the Soul of Georgian Culture

Wine in Georgia is more than a drink — it’s a sacred tradition woven into religion, hospitality, music, and poetry. Saint Nino, who brought Christianity to Georgia, is often depicted holding a cross made of grapevines.

At the heart of Georgian hospitality is the supra — a traditional feast led by the tamada (toastmaster). The tamada sets the tone of the gathering with thoughtful, poetic, and often humorous toasts. These follow a set sequence: starting with a toast to God and peace, then to family, ancestors, friendship, and love.

A great tamada combines charisma, wisdom, humor, and moderation — able to drink at each toast while remaining composed and inspiring guests

“ღვინო ღვთის საჩუქარია.”
“Wine is a gift from God.”

Georgian proverb

Grape Varieties and Wine Regions

Georgia boasts over 500 indigenous grape varieties, more than any other country. Some of the most famous include:

• Saperavi (red): Full-bodied with rich berry flavors, capable of aging for decades.
• Rkatsiteli (white): Crisp, fresh, and versatile, often made in both Qvevri and European styles.
• Khikhvi, Mtsvane Kakhuri, Tsolikouri: Lesser-known gems with unique aromas and textures.

Main Wine Regions:

• Kakheti – The heart of Georgian wine production, known for both traditional and modern wineries.
• Imereti – Lighter, fruitier wines, often made with less skin contact in Qvevris.
• Kartli – Sparkling and European-style wines, along with ancient varietals.
• Racha-Lechkhumi – Home to the semi-sweet red Khvanchkara, favored by Stalin.

Modern Recognition & Wine Tourism

Today, Georgian wine is celebrated in top restaurants and wine competitions worldwide. In 2013, UNESCO listed Qvevri winemaking as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Wine tourism is booming, with travelers flocking to Georgia to explore its vineyards, participate in harvest festivals, and learn the art of toasting from local tamadas. Many wineries now offer guesthouses, cooking classes, and vineyard tours, blending hospitality with tradition.